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Car float

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A railroad car float or rail barge is a specialised form of <a href="Lighter_(barge)" title="Lighter (barge)">lighter</a><a href="#cite_note-Lederer-1">[1]</a> with <a href="Railway_tracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway tracks">railway tracks</a> mounted on its deck used to move <a href="Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">rolling stock</a> across water obstacles, or to locations they could not otherwise go. An unpowered <a href="Barge" title="Barge">barge</a>, it is towed by a <a href="Tugboat" title="Tugboat">tugboat</a> or pushed by a <a href="Towboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Towboat">towboat</a>.

This is distinguished from a <a href="Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">train ferry</a>, which is self-powered.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_operations">Historical operations</h2></div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._East_Coast">U.S. East Coast</h3></div>

During the <a href="American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, Union general <a href="Herman_Haupt" title="Herman Haupt">Herman Haupt</a>, a civil engineer, used huge barges fitted with tracks to enable military trains to cross the <a href="Rappahannock_River" title="Rappahannock River">Rappahannock River</a> in support of the <a href="Army_of_the_Potomac" title="Army of the Potomac">Army of the Potomac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>

Beginning in the 1830s, the <a href="Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a> (B&O) operated <a href="Capital_Subdivision#Alexandria_Division" title="Capital Subdivision">a car float</a> across the <a href="Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>, just south of <a href="Washington%2C_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, between Shepherds Landing on the east shore, and <a href="Alexandria%2C_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a> on the west. The ferry operation ended in 1906.<a href="#cite_note-Harwood-3">[3]</a>

The B&O operated a car float across the <a href="Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> <a href="Inner_Harbor" title="Inner Harbor">Inner Harbor</a> until the mid-1890s. It connected trains from <a href="Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> to Washington, D.C., and points to the west. The operation ended after the opening of the <a href="Baltimore_Belt_Line" title="Baltimore Belt Line">Baltimore Belt Line</a> in 1895.<a href="#cite_note-Harwood-3">[3]</a>

The <a href="Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">Port of New York and New Jersey</a> had many car float operations, which lost ground to the post-<a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States#History" title="Trucking industry in the United States">expansion of trucking</a>, but held out until the rise of <a href="Containerization" title="Containerization">containerization</a> in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-Cudahy-4">[4]</a>

These car floats operated between the <a href="Class_1_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Class 1 railroad">Class 1 railroads</a> terminals on the west bank of <a href="North_River_(Hudson_River)" title="North River (Hudson River)">Hudson River</a> in <a href="Hudson_County%2C_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson County, New Jersey</a> and the numerous online and offline terminals located in <a href="Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, <a href="Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>, <a href="The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, and <a href="Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Flagg1-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Flagg2-6">[6]</a> Class 1 railroads in the <a href="New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> area providing car float services were:

<ul><li><a href="Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Railroad_of_New_Jersey" title="Central Railroad of New Jersey">Central Railroad of New Jersey</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li>

<li><a href="Delaware%2C_Lackawanna_and_Western_Railroad" title="Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad">Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li>

<li><a href="Erie_Railroad" title="Erie Railroad">Erie Railroad</a> and <a href="Erie_Lackawanna_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie Lackawanna Railroad">Erie Lackawanna Railroad</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li>

<li><a href="Lehigh_Valley_Railroad" title="Lehigh Valley Railroad">Lehigh Valley Railroad</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li>

<li><a href="Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li>

<li><a href="New_York_Central_Railroad" title="New York Central Railroad">New York Central Railroad</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li>

<li><a href="New_York%2C_New_Haven_and_Hartford_Railroad" title="New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad">New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li>

<li><a href="Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li></ul>

As well as the offline <a href="Switching_and_terminal_railroad" title="Switching and terminal railroad">terminal railroads</a>:

<ul><li><a href="Brooklyn_Eastern_District_Terminal" title="Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal">Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li>

<li><a href="Bush_Terminal/Industry_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bush Terminal/Industry City">Bush Terminal/Industry City</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li>

<li><a href="Brooklyn_Army_Terminal" title="Brooklyn Army Terminal">Brooklyn Army Terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Hoboken_Shore_Railroad" title="Hoboken Shore Railroad">Hoboken Manufacturers Railroad</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li>

<li>Jay Street Connecting Railroad<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li>

<li>New York Dock Railway<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li>

<li>Pouch Terminal<a href="#cite_note-Flagg,_2002,_p._117-32">[32]</a></li>

<li>East Jersey Railroad and Terminal Co.<a href="#cite_note-Flagg,_2002,_p._117-32">[32]</a></li></ul>

Car float service was also provided to many pier stations and waterfront warehouse facilities (that did not engage in car floating service directly) by the above-mentioned railroads.

At their peak, the railroads had 3,400 employees operating small fleets totalling 323 car floats, plus 1,094 other <a href="Barge" title="Barge">barges</a>, towed by 150 <a href="Tugboats" class="mw-redirect" title="Tugboats">tugboats</a> between <a href="New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.

Abandoned <a href="Pontoon_bridge" title="Pontoon bridge">float bridges</a> are preserved as part of this history at:

<ul><li><a href="Gantry_Plaza_State_Park" title="Gantry Plaza State Park">Gantry Plaza State Park</a> in Long Island City, Queens; (former Long Island Railroad),</li>

<li>West 26th Street float bridge (former Baltimore & Ohio) and the only surviving wood <a href="Howe_truss" title="Howe truss">Howe truss</a> float bridge in New York Harbor</li>

<li><a href="North_River_Piers" class="mw-redirect" title="North River Piers">North River Pier</a> 66a, and <a href="69th_Street_Transfer_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="69th Street Transfer Bridge">69th Street Transfer Bridge</a> (former New York Central)</li></ul>

Several other abandoned but unrestored float bridges exist in other locations around New York Harbor. A complete list is available at

<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trainweb.org/bedt/IndustrialLocos.html#Surviving">Surviving Float Bridges of New York Harbor</a>

The <a href="Bay_Coast_Railroad" title="Bay Coast Railroad">Bay Coast Railroad</a> formerly operated a 2-barge car float connecting <a href="Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>'s <a href="Eastern_Shore_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Shore (Virginia)">Eastern Shore</a> with the city of <a href="Norfolk%2C_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a> across the <a href="Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Midwest">U.S. Midwest</h3></div>

Between 1912 and 1936, the Erie Railroad operated a car float service on the <a href="Chicago_River" title="Chicago River">Chicago River</a> in <a href="Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._West_Coast">U.S. West Coast</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Santa_Fe_Railroad_Tugboats" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe Railroad Tugboats">Santa Fe Railroad</a>: <a href="San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_Pacific_Transportation_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Pacific Transportation Company">Southern Pacific Railroad</a>: (?)</li>

<li><a href="Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a>: (?)</li>

<li><a href="Western_Pacific_Railroad" title="Western Pacific Railroad">Western Pacific Railroad</a>: San Francisco</li>

<li><a href="Chicago%2C_Milwaukee%2C_St._Paul_and_Pacific_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad">Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad</a>: <a href="Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>; <a href="Tacoma%2C_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, Washington</a>; <a href="Bellingham%2C_Washington" title="Bellingham, Washington">Bellingham, Washington</a>; <a href="Port_Townsend%2C_Washington" title="Port Townsend, Washington">Port Townsend, Washington</a></li>

<li><a href="Seattle_and_North_Coast_Railroad" title="Seattle and North Coast Railroad">Seattle and North Coast Railroad</a>: Seattle; Port Townsend, Washington</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Prince_Rupert%2C_British_Columbia" title="Prince Rupert, British Columbia">Prince Rupert, British Columbia</a> – <a href="Whittier%2C_Alaska" title="Whittier, Alaska">Whittier, Alaska</a> (<a href="Aquatrain" title="Aquatrain">Aquatrain</a>, Service ended in April 2021.<a href="#cite_note-Last-Aquatrain-34">[34]</a>)</li>

<li>Various inland lakes of <a href="British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> (<a href="Okanagan_Lake" title="Okanagan Lake">Okanagan</a>, <a href="Arrow_Lakes" title="Arrow Lakes">Arrow</a>, <a href="Kootenay_Lake" title="Kootenay Lake">Kootenay</a>) (<a href="Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a> and <a href="Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">CPR</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Port_Maitland%2C_Ontario" title="Port Maitland, Ontario">Port Maitland, Ontario</a> – <a href="Erie%2C_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie, Pennsylvania</a> (<a href="TH%26B_Navigation_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="TH&B Navigation Company">TH&B Navigation Company</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Port_Burwell%2C_Ontario" title="Port Burwell, Ontario">Port Burwell, Ontario</a> – <a href="Ashtabula%2C_Ohio" title="Ashtabula, Ohio">Ashtabula, Ohio</a> (CN)</li>

<li><a href="Cobourg%2C_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobourg, Ontario">Cobourg, Ontario</a> – <a href="Rochester%2C_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a> (Ontario Car Ferry Company)</li>

<li><a href="Sarnia%2C_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarnia, Ontario">Sarnia, Ontario</a> – <a href="Port_Huron%2C_Michigan" title="Port Huron, Michigan">Port Huron, Michigan</a> – rail-barge – (CN, until the opening of the <a href="Paul_Tellier_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Tellier Tunnel">Paul Tellier Tunnel</a>). The <a href="Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">rail ferries</a> <a href="Pere_Marquette_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Pere Marquette Railroad">Pere Marquette 12</a> and Pere Marquette 10 were converted to barges (PM 10 in 1974, PM 12 in the 1980s) and used until 1995 to carry dangerous cargoes and oversize cars.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li>

<li><a href="Windsor%2C_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a> – <a href="Detroit%2C_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit, Michigan</a> (<a href="Grand_Trunk_Railway" title="Grand Trunk Railway">Grand Trunk</a>, CN, CPR, <a href="Michigan_Central_Railroad" title="Michigan Central Railroad">Michigan Central</a>, <a href="Wabash_Railroad" title="Wabash Railroad">Wabash</a>, until the 1980s)</li>

<li><a href="BC_Rail" title="BC Rail">BC Rail</a>. until 1955 railcars were barged from <a href="North_Vancouver_(city)" title="North Vancouver (city)">North Vancouver</a> to <a href="Squamish%2C_British_Columbia" title="Squamish, British Columbia">Squamish</a>.</li>

<li>A large number of isolated BC <a href="Pulp_mill" title="Pulp mill">pulp mills</a> had <a href="Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">chemicals</a> and freight moved by car floats.</li>

<li>In the <a href="Victoria_Harbour_(British_Columbia)" title="Victoria Harbour (British Columbia)">Victoria Harbour</a> to <a href="Ogden_Point" title="Ogden Point">Ogden Point</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Existing_operations">Existing operations</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska">Alaska</h3></div>

The <a href="Alaska_Railroad" title="Alaska Railroad">Alaska Railroad</a> provides the Alaska Rail Marine rail barge service from downtown Seattle to <a href="Whittier%2C_Alaska" title="Whittier, Alaska">Whittier</a> on the central <a href="Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaskan</a> mainland.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a>', CN Rail provided the <a href="Aquatrain" title="Aquatrain">Aquatrain</a> rail barge service from <a href="Prince_Rupert%2C_British_Columbia" title="Prince Rupert, British Columbia">Prince Rupert, British Columbia</a> to Whittier.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Service ended in April 2021.<a href="#cite_note-Last-Aquatrain-34">[34]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York_/_New_Jersey">New York / New Jersey</h3></div>

The only remaining car float service in operation in the <a href="Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">Port of New York and New Jersey</a> is operated by <a href="New_York_New_Jersey_Rail" title="New York New Jersey Rail">New York New Jersey Rail</a>. This company, operated by the bi-state government agency <a href="Port_Authority_of_New_York_%26_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Authority of New York & New Jersey">Port Authority of New York & New Jersey</a> is the successor to the New York Cross Harbor Railroad. Car float service operates between 65th Street / Bay Ridge Yard in <a href="Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> and <a href="Greenville_Yard" title="Greenville Yard">Greenville Yard</a> in <a href="Jersey_City%2C_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The service exists because <a href="Railroad_car#Freight_cars" title="Railroad car">freight cars</a> do not run in the <a href="East_River_Tunnels" title="East River Tunnels">East River Tunnels</a> nor the <a href="North_River_Tunnels" title="North River Tunnels">North River Tunnels</a> (under the <a href="Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>), in part due to inadequate <a href="Structure_gauge" title="Structure gauge">tunnel clearances</a> of the <a href="New_York_Tunnel_Extension" title="New York Tunnel Extension">New York Tunnel Extension</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Bay_Ridge_Branch" title="Bay Ridge Branch">Bay Ridge Branch</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-Harbor_Rail_Tunnel" title="Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel">Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel</a> (proposed)</li>

<li><a href="Ferry_slip" title="Ferry slip">Ferry slip</a> (includes examples of rail ferry and barge slips)</li>

<li><a href="Linkspan" title="Linkspan">Linkspan</a></li>

<li>New York tugboats</li>

<li><a href="Santa_Fe_Dock_and_Channel_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe Dock and Channel Company">Santa Fe Dock and Channel Company</a></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFLederer1945" class="citation book cs1">Lederer, Eugene H. (1945). Port Terminal Operation: Port Terminal Management, Stevedoring, Stowage, Lighterage and Harbor Boats. New York, NY: Cornell Maritime Press. pp. 291–292.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFWolmar2012" class="citation book cs1">Wolmar, Christian (2012). Engines of War. London: Atlantic Books. p. 49. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781848871731</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Harwood-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harwood_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harwood_3-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFHarwood1979" class="citation book cs1">Harwood, Herbert H. Jr. (1979). Impossible Challenge: The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in Maryland. Baltimore, MD: Barnard, Roberts. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-934118-17-5</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Cudahy-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Cudahy_4-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCudahy2006" class="citation book cs1">Cudahy, Brian J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/boxboats00bria/page/45">Box Boats: How Container Ships Changed the World</a>. New York, NY: Fordham University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/boxboats00bria/page/45">45–47</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8232-2568-2</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Flagg1-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Flagg1_5-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFlagg2000" class="citation book cs1">Flagg, Thomas R. (2000). New York Harbor Railroads in Color, Volume 1. Scotch Plains, NJ: Morning Sun Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-58248-082-6</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Flagg2-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Flagg2_6-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFlagg2002" class="citation book cs1">Flagg, Thomas R. (2002). New York Harbor Railroads in Color, Volume 2. Scotch Plains, NJ: Morning Sun Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-58248-048-6</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 16–23.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Flagg, 2002, pp. 26–29.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 24–33.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Flagg, 2002, pp. 38–39.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 34–45.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Flagg, 2002, pp. 40–51.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 46–55.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Flagg, 2002, pp. 52–57.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 56–61.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Flagg, 2002, pp. 58–63.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 62–65.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Flagg, 2002, pp. 64–67.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 66–83.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Flagg, 2002, pp. 68–93.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 84–91.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Flagg, 2002, pp. 94–97.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 92–101.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Flagg, 2002, pp. 98–109.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Flagg, 2002, pp. 110–116.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 118–125.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Flagg, 2002, pp. 120–127.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 126–127.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Flagg, 2002, p. 118.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Flagg, 2000, pp. 110–117.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Flagg, 2002, p. 119.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Flagg,_2002,_p._117-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flagg,_2002,_p._117_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flagg,_2002,_p._117_32-1">b</a> Flagg, 2002, p. 117.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSennstrom,_Bernard_H.1992" class="citation journal cs1">Sennstrom, Bernard H. (1992). "Erie Railroad's Chicago River Service". The Diamond. 7 (1): 4–10.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Last-Aquatrain-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Last-Aquatrain_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Last-Aquatrain_34-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alaskarails.org/industries/aquatrain/last/index.html">"The Last AquaTrain"</a>. 2021.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pmhistsoc.org/ferries.shtml#lakemich">The Pere Marquette Marine Fleet</a>, Pere Marquette Historical Society, 10-MAY-2011, accessed July 16, 2012

</li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426170337/https://www.jamesbaybeacon.com/home/2020/10/18/then-and-now-the-ogden-point-grain-elevator">"car float"</a>. Archived from the original on 2021-04-26. Retrieved 2021-04-26.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/37908073@N04/3661243327">Greg George</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alaskarailroad.com/corporate/Corporate/FreightServices/AlaskaRailMarine/tabid/394/Default.aspx">Alaska Rail Marine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131221081655/http://www.alaskarailroad.com/corporate/Corporate/FreightServices/AlaskaRailMarine/tabid/394/Default.aspx">Archived</a> December 21, 2013, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930192839/https://www.cn.ca/en/shipping-north-america-alaska-aquatrain-cnworldwide.htm">"Aqua train"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cn.ca/en/shipping-north-america-alaska-aquatrain-cnworldwide.htm">the original</a> on 2018-09-30. Retrieved 2011-03-05.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nynjr.com/route-map/">"Route Map"</a>. New York New Jersey Rail, LLC. Retrieved 2017-06-03.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001020615/http://www.geh.org/fm/feininger/htmlsrc/m197806060008_ful.html">Railroad ferry, Hudson River, New York</a>, <a href="Andreas_Feininger" title="Andreas Feininger">Andreas Feininger</a>, 1940. Still Photograph Archive, George Eastman House, Rochester, NY.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930095203/http://www.nynjr.com/index.php">NYNJ Rail</a> – official site</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freightrrofnyc.info">Industrial & Offline Terminal Railroads of Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, Bronx & Manhattan</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Modern_merchant_ships83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Modern <a href="Merchant_ship" title="Merchant ship">merchant ships</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">Cargo ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo</a></li>

<li><a href="Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Maritime transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Freight_transport" title="Freight transport">Freight transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Merchant_marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant marine">Merchant marine</a></li>

<li><a href="Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">Maritime history</a></li>

<li><a href="Shipping_line" title="Shipping line">Shipping line</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">Dry cargo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barge" title="Barge">Barge</a></li>

<li><a href="Bulk_carrier" title="Bulk carrier">Bulk carrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Chain_boat" title="Chain boat">Chain boat</a></li>

<li><a href="Coastal_trading_vessel" title="Coastal trading vessel">Coastal trading vessel</a></li>

<li><a href="Collier_(ship)" title="Collier (ship)">Collier</a></li>

<li><a href="Container_ship" title="Container ship">Container ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Heavy-lift_ship" title="Heavy-lift ship">Heavy-lift ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Hopper_barge" title="Hopper barge">Hopper barge</a></li>

<li><a href="Lake_freighter" title="Lake freighter">Lake freighter</a></li>

<li><a href="Lighter_aboard_ship" title="Lighter aboard ship">Lighter aboard ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Livestock_carrier" title="Livestock carrier">Livestock carrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Reefer_ship" title="Reefer ship">Reefer ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">Train ferry</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tanker_(ship)" title="Tanker (ship)">Tankers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chemical_tanker" title="Chemical tanker">Chemical tanker</a></li>

<li><a href="Floating_production_storage_and_offloading" title="Floating production storage and offloading">Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gas_carrier" title="Gas carrier">Gas carrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrogen_tanker" title="Hydrogen tanker">Hydrogen tanker</a></li>

<li><a href="LNG_carrier" title="LNG carrier">LNG carrier</a></li>

<li><a href="LPG_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="LPG carrier">LPG carrier</a></li>

<li><a href="LEG_carrier" title="LEG carrier">LEG carrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Oil_tanker" title="Oil tanker">Oil tanker</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Passenger_ship" title="Passenger ship">Passenger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li>

<li><a href="Cargo_liner" title="Cargo liner">Cargo liner</a></li>

<li><a href="Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">Cruise ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Cruiseferry" title="Cruiseferry">Cruiseferry</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a></li>

<li><a href="Narrowboat" title="Narrowboat">Narrowboat</a></li>

<li><a href="Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">Ocean liner</a></li>

<li><a href="Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">Train ferry</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anchor_handling_tug_supply_vessel" title="Anchor handling tug supply vessel">Anchor handling tug supply vessel</a></li>

<li><a href="Diving_support_vessel" title="Diving support vessel">Diving support vessel</a></li>

<li><a href="Emergency_tow_vessel" title="Emergency tow vessel">Emergency tow vessel</a></li>

<li><a href="Fireboat" title="Fireboat">Fireboat</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform_supply_vessel" title="Platform supply vessel">Platform supply vessel</a></li>

<li><a href="Pusher_(boat)" title="Pusher (boat)">Pusher</a></li>

<li><a href="Salvage_tug" title="Salvage tug">Salvage tug</a></li>

<li><a href="Ship's_tender" title="Ship's tender">Tender</a></li>

<li><a href="Tugboat" title="Tugboat">Tugboat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cable_layer" title="Cable layer">Cable layer</a></li>

<li><a href="Crane_vessel" title="Crane vessel">Crane vessel</a></li>

<li><a href="Dredging" title="Dredging">Dredger</a></li>

<li><a href="Drillship" title="Drillship">Drillship</a></li>

<li><a href="Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessel</a></li>

<li><a href="Floating_restaurant" title="Floating restaurant">Floating restaurant</a></li>

<li><a href="Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">Icebreaker</a></li>

<li><a href="Merchant_submarine" title="Merchant submarine">Merchant submarine</a></li>

<li><a href="Narco-submarine" title="Narco-submarine">Narco-submarine</a></li>

<li><a href="Pipe-laying_ship" title="Pipe-laying ship">Pipe-laying ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">Research vessel</a></li>

<li><a href="Riverboat" title="Riverboat">Riverboat</a></li>

<li><a href="Semi-submersible" title="Semi-submersible">Semi-submersible</a></li>

<li><a href="Snagboat" title="Snagboat">Snagboat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nautical_operations" title="Nautical operations">Nautical operations</a></li>

<li><a href="Affreightment" title="Affreightment">Affreightment</a></li>

<li><a href="Maritime_law" title="Maritime law">Admiralty law</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Chamber_of_Shipping" title="International Chamber of Shipping">International Chamber of Shipping</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_merchant_navy_capacity_by_country" title="List of merchant navy capacity by country">List of merchant navy capacity by country</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-16" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Car_float&oldid=1280754126">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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